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Culinary Explorer
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Salsa de Chile Canario de la Sierra Mazateca
Created by
From Huautla de Jimenez in Oaxaca's Sierra Mazateca. Yellow chile canario ground in the molcajete with toasted garlic, onion, and lime. Fruity heat that creeps up on you, slow at first and then everywhere.
Sauces & Condiments
Mexican
Weeknight
Quick Meal
15 min
Active Time
5 min cook•20 min total
YieldAbout 1 cup, 6 to 8 servings
This salsa is from the Sierra Mazateca, the cloud-wrapped mountains in the north of Oaxaca where the Mazatec people have lived since long before the conquest. Specifically Huautla de Jimenez, the town that sits at fifteen hundred meters and grows the chile canario in the cool air the plant prefers. Most of Mexico cannot grow this chile well. The Mazateca can. That is why the salsa belongs there.
The chile canario, also called manzano or peron depending on which state you are in, is the strange one of the family. It is the only domesticated chile in Mexico with black seeds. Yellow, plump, thick-walled, round as a small apple. The heat is not the dry sting of a chile de arbol or the sharp bite of a serrano. It is fruity, almost floral on the front, and then it builds. By the third tortilla you are sweating and you do not know exactly when it started. That is canario. Cada estado, su propia cocina, and within Oaxaca, cada sierra su propio chile.
This is a table salsa, not a cooked sauce. The chile is toasted on a comal, ground in the molcajete with garlic and onion that have also been dry-roasted, then loosened with lime and a little water. Nothing else. No tomate. No tomatillo. The chile is the dish. If your canario is not bright yellow and firm, do not make this salsa today. Cook with what the mercado is selling, not what you want it to be. The senoras at the Huautla market will not sell you a green canario, and they are right.
My mother never made this salsa. She was from Jalisco and the chile canario was not on her map. I learned it in 2014 from a Mazatec cook named Dona Eulalia in Huautla, who ground it in a molcajete black with thirty years of use and told me the only rule that mattered: no le pongas tomate. No tomato. The chile canario does not need help. Saber cocinar es saber vivir.
The chile canario (Capsicum pubescens) is one of the five domesticated species of capsicum and the only one with black seeds and woolly leaves, traits that distinguish it from all other Mexican chiles. Unlike Capsicum annuum, the species that gives Mexico the vast majority of its chiles, C. pubescens does not interbreed with other species and is genetically closer to wild Andean chiles, which is why it grows best at altitude in cool, humid climates such as the Sierra Mazateca, the highlands of Michoacan, and parts of Veracruz. In the Sierra Mazateca, the chile has been cultivated as a household crop since at least the colonial period, with cooks favoring it for raw and lightly cooked salsas because its thick walls hold up to grinding without dissolving the way thinner-walled chiles do.
The technique, the tradition, and the story behind every dish.
Discover Culinary ExplorerIngredients
fresh chile canario (chile manzano or perón)
Quantity
6
stemmed, seeds left in
garlic cloves
Quantity
3
unpeeled
white onion
Quantity
1/4 medium
fresh lime juice
Quantity
1/4 cup (about 3 limones criollos)
kosher salt
Quantity
1/4 teaspoon, plus more to taste
cold water
Quantity
2 tablespoons, as needed
| Ingredient | Quantity |
|---|---|
| fresh chile canario (chile manzano or perón)stemmed, seeds left in | 6 |
| garlic clovesunpeeled | 3 |
| white onion | 1/4 medium |
| fresh lime juice | 1/4 cup (about 3 limones criollos) |
| kosher salt | 1/4 teaspoon, plus more to taste |
| cold water | 2 tablespoons, as needed |
Equipment Needed
- •Volcanic stone molcajete with tejolote
- •Cast iron comal or heavy skillet for dry-roasting
- •Small clay cazuelita or serving molcajete for the table
Instructions
- 1
Choose the right chile
The chile canario is yellow, thick-walled, with round black seeds. In the Sierra Mazateca it is sold by the handful in the Huautla market, picked from plants growing in the cool mountain air at fifteen hundred meters. It is the only domesticated chile in Mexico with black seeds. If the chile is green or just turning yellow, leave it. You want the bright canary yellow, the color the chile takes its name from. Anything less and the fruity sweetness has not developed yet.
Do not confuse chile canario with habanero. They look nothing alike. Habanero is small, lantern-shaped, orange. Canario is round, plump, yellow, the size of a small plum. Different chile, different salsa, different state. - 2
Toast on the comal
Heat a dry comal or heavy skillet over medium. Put the whole chiles, the unpeeled garlic, and the onion piece directly on the dry surface. Turn them as they blister. The chiles will soften and char in spots, about four to five minutes. The garlic skin will darken and the clove inside will turn golden and fragrant, about six minutes. The onion needs blackened edges. This is dry-roasting, the way sierra cooks have always done it. No oil. Asi se hace y punto.
- 3
Peel the garlic
Slip the garlic out of its papery skins. Discard the skins. The flesh inside should be soft and sweet from the comal. If it is still raw at the center, give it another minute on the heat. Raw garlic in this salsa will dominate everything and bury the fruit of the chile.
- 4
Grind in the molcajete
Start with the salt and the toasted garlic in the molcajete. Grind to a paste. Add the onion and grind it down. Now the chiles, in batches. Work the tejolote in slow circles, pressing down. The salsa will turn a beautiful sunshine yellow streaked with the char from the comal. You want texture, not puree. Small flecks of seed and skin should be visible. La cocina no es decoracion, es trabajo, and the molcajete is part of the work.
If you do not have a molcajete, a blender will give you a smoother salsa, more like the version sold in plastic bags at the Huautla bus station. Pulse, do not blend on high. You are not making a smoothie. - 5
Finish with lime and rest
Stir in the lime juice and a tablespoon or two of cold water to loosen the salsa to the consistency you want. Mazateca cooks keep it on the thicker side, almost a paste. Taste for salt now. The lime will fight the heat for a second and then both settle. Let the salsa sit for fifteen minutes before serving. The chile canario carries a fruity heat that creeps up on you, slow at first and then everywhere. Resting lets the flavors marry.
- 6
Serve at the table
Spoon into a small molcajete or a clay cazuelita and set it on the table. This salsa goes with everything in the Mazateca: tlayudas, tasajo, beans from the pot, eggs in the morning, a hot tortilla and nothing else. Recetas probadas y garantizadas.
Chef Tips
- •Buy chile canario in season, late summer through fall, when it is at its sweetest and most fragrant. Out of season the chiles are imported, expensive, and often picked under-ripe. If you cannot find good canario today, do not make this salsa today. Make a salsa with the chile that is in front of you and come back to this one later.
- •The seeds stay. Chile canario seeds are part of the texture and they carry the heat. Mazatec cooks do not seed this chile. If you cannot handle the heat, use four chiles instead of six, but do not seed.
- •If you must substitute, a yellow habanero will give you heat but not the fruit. The peron from Michoacan is the same chile under a different name. Outside Mexico, a Peruvian rocoto is botanically identical and will work, but the salsa is no longer mazateca, it is something else. A substitution is a compromise, not an upgrade.
Advance Preparation
- •The salsa can be made up to one day ahead and refrigerated in a covered glass jar. The lime keeps the color from dulling for the first 24 hours.
- •Past one day the chile canario loses its fruity edge and the heat flattens. Make this salsa the day you serve it for the truest version.
Frequently Asked Questions
Nutrition Information
1 serving (about 45g)
Calories
20 calories
Total Fat
0 g
Saturated Fat
0 g
Trans Fat
0 g
Unsaturated Fat
0 g
Cholesterol
0 mg
Sodium
70 mg
Total Carbohydrates
4 g
Dietary Fiber
1 g
Sugars
2 g
Protein
1 g
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